{"id":735,"date":"2019-09-08T19:29:55","date_gmt":"2019-09-08T19:29:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/?p=735"},"modified":"2019-09-09T21:53:19","modified_gmt":"2019-09-09T21:53:19","slug":"%e8%bd%af%e8%80%83%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%a7%84%e5%88%92%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e5%b8%88%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%8e%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/?p=735","title":{"rendered":"\u8f6f\u8003\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e32\u8bb2\u7b14\u8bb01-\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"p1\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u539f\u7406<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"p2\">\u4e00\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>1.1<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\uff0e\u6982\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5e7f\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u7528\u6237\u900f\u660e\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u6784\u6210\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u7531\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8bed\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\u8bed\u4e49\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u65f6\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\uff1b\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.2<\/b><\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>1.2.1<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u6309\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">WAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u57ce\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">MAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u533a\uff0c\u57ce\u57df\u7f51\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u8303\u56f4\u51e0\u5341\u7c73\u5230\u51e0\u5343\u7c73\uff1b\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e2a\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">PAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u751a\u81f3\u4e2a\u4eba\u968f\u65f6\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.2.2<\/b><\/span>\u6309\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u603b\u7ebf\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u661f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u73af\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6811\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7f51\u683c\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.2.3<\/b><\/span>\u6309\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u7ebf\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7ebf\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u5728\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u6709\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u65ad\u5f00\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7535\u8bdd\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7ebf\u8def\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u5728\u7528\u6237\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e90\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f18\u70b9<span class=\"s2\">:<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u5316\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u5206\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5305\u3002\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u8f85\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u5305\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5ef6\u8fdf\u66f4\u5c0f\uff1b\u66f4\u6613\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1b\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.3<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>1.3.1<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6307\u6784\u6210\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u662f\u6307\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c42\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5404\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u754c\u9762\u6e05\u6670\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5404\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0b\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5355\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u540c\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u89c4\u5219\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u7531\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u4e3a\u7d27\u90bb\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u53ea\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u7d27\u90bb\u4e0b\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u8bbf\u95ee\u70b9\uff08<span class=\"s2\">SPA<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.3.3<\/b><\/span>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f20\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b\u9700\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u4fe1\u524d\u4e0d\u4e8b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5199\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>1.3.4<\/b><\/span>\u6709\u5e94\u7b54\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u65e0\u5e94\u7b54\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6709\u5e94\u7b54\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\u5411\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\uff0c\u8be5\u5e94\u7b54\u7531\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u5e94\u7b54\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u7ed9\u51fa\u5e94\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>1.3.5<\/b><\/span>\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u68c0\u9519\u3001\u7ea0\u9519\u3001\u5e94\u7b54\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>1.4<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">SDU<\/span>\uff1a\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u7528\u6237\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7b2c<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u5c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u8bb0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">N-SDU<\/span>\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f<span class=\"s2\">PCI<\/span>\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7b2c<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">N-PCI<\/span>\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">PDU<\/span>\uff1a\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7b2c<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u8bb0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">N-PDU<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>N-SDU+N-PCI=N-PDU=<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>N-1<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>SDU<span class=\"s1\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>1.5 OSI<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<span class=\"s2\">ISO<\/span>\uff09\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff08<span class=\"s2\">OSI<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5171\u5206\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">7<\/span>\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4f4d\u3002\u9700\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u7ebf\u8def\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff1a\u628a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u3002\u5c06\u6bd4\u7279\u7ec4\u6210\u5e27\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u7684\u5e27\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u5728\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u9001\u5305\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u95f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u62a5\u6587\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u540d\u5b57\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u540d\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u516c\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1a\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982<span class=\"s2\">E-mail<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>1.6 TCP\/IP<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\uff08<span class=\"s2\">DOD-ARPA<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">1969<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u7814\u7a76<span class=\"s2\">ARPANET<\/span>\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<span class=\"s2\">TCP\/IP<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u5404\u5c42\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\uff08\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">HTTP<\/span>\uff08\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">SMTP<\/span>\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">POP3<\/span>\uff08\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">FTP<\/span>\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">TELNET<\/span>\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">SNMP<\/span>\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">UDP<\/span>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u8054\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">ICMP<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">ARP<\/span>\uff08\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">RARP<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.1<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6307\u628a\u7531\u4e00\u5730\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u5730\u6216\u591a\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f20\u9012\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u662f\u8fd0\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5219\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u7684\u6216\u7535\u78c1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u3002\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u662f\u6307\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u662f\u6307\u53d6\u503c\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4fe1\u9053\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5411\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4f20\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u4fe1\u7535\u8def\u5f80\u5f80\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u6761\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u9053\u548c\u4e00\u6761\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5355\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5355\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u64ad\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a\u5373\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a\u5373\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6761\u4fe1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7801\u5143\uff1a\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u957f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u6ce2\u5f62\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u957f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7801\u5143\u5bbd\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6709\u6548\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7801\u5143\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7801\u5143\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u7801\u5143\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u7801\u5143\u901f\u7387\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u901f\u7387\u3001\u6ce2\u5f62\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\uff1a\u6ce2\u7279\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Band<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7801\u5143\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u901f\u7387\u3001\u6bd4\u7279\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6bd4\u7279<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u79d2\uff08<span class=\"s2\">b\/S<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u6296\u52a8\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u5728\u566a\u58f0\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u77ac\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7406\u60f3\u65f6\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u77ed\u65f6\u504f\u79bb\u3002\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.2<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u6307\u6807<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>2.2.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5e26\u5bbd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5bbd\u5e26\u672c\u6765\u662f\u6307\u67d0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u4f60\u597d\u5177\u6709\u7684\u9891\u5e26\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\uff1a\u8d6b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e26\u5bbd\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u79f0\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff08<span class=\"s2\">throughput<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5e38\u7528\u6bcf\u79d2\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\uff08\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u3001\u5e27\u6570\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>2.2.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u65f6\u5ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u65f6\u5ef6\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6216\u5206\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u4f20\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u65f6\u5ef6\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u5ef6\uff1a\u53c8\u79f0\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u62a5\u6587\u6216\u5206\u7ec4\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4f20\u8f93\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u62a5\u6587\u6216\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4fe1\u9053\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4fe1\u9053\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4fe1\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6\uff1a\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u5728\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5ef6\uff1a\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6240\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6392\u961f\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u603b\u65f6\u5ef6<span class=\"s2\">=<\/span>\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u5ef6<span class=\"s2\">+<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6<span class=\"s2\">+<\/span>\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5ef6<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u5ef6<span class=\"s2\">RTT<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Round-Trip Time<\/span>\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u63a5\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>2.2.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u65f6\u5ef6\u5e26\u5bbd\u79ef<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u65f6\u5ef6\u5e26\u5bbd\u79ef<span class=\"s2\">=<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6<span class=\"s2\">X<\/span>\u5e26\u5bbd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>2.2.4<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u8bef\u7801\u7387<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8bef\u7801\u7387\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u603b\u4f4d\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u7528\u7b26\u53f7<span class=\"s2\">Pe<\/span>\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>2.2.5<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u5b57\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>2.2.6<\/b><\/span>\u57fa\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0e\u9891\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u57fa\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u4fe1\u53f7\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u5230\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u53bb\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9891\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u540e\u518d\u9001\u5230\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u8c03\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u9891\u5e26\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u9891\u5e26\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.2.7<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4f20\u8f93\u635f\u5bb3<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u635f\u5bb3\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u8870\u51cf\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u5f62\u3001\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8870\u51cf\uff1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ef6\u4f38\u800c\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u6709\u7ebf\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u4e00\u822c\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u6570\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\u65e0\u7ebf\u4ecb\u8d28\u8870\u51cf\u8ddf\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u5927\u6c14\u7ec4\u6210\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u653e\u5927\u5668\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u5f62\uff1a\u662f\u6709\u7ebf\u4ecb\u8d28\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u5206\u5ef6\u8fdf\u662f\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u679c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u5f62\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u566a\u58f0\uff1a\u56e0\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u67d0\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u566a\u58f0\u5206\u4e3a\u70ed\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u5185\u8c03\u5236\u6742\u97f3\u3001\u4e32\u6270\u3001\u8109\u51b2\u566a\u58f0\u56db\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.3<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.3.1<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u4ee5\u53ca\u6536\u53d1\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u4fe1\u9053\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u7801\u5143\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">1924<\/span>\u5e74\u5948\u594e\u65af\u7279\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Nyquist<\/span>\uff09\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u4fe1\u9053\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7801\u5143\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u4f4e\u901a\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7801\u5143\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387<span class=\"s2\">=2W\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5176\u4e2d<span class=\"s2\">W<\/span>\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u4f4e\u901a\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Hz<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f<span class=\"s2\">Baud<\/span>\uff08\u6ce2\u7279\uff09\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\u6ce2\u7279\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79d2\u4f20\u9001<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u3002\u7801\u5143\u4f20\u8f93\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8c03\u5236\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1948<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9999\u519c\uff08<span class=\"s2\">shannon<\/span>\uff09\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u5e26\u5bbd\u53d7\u9650\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u65af\u767d\u566a\u58f0\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u6781\u9650\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6b64\u901f\u7387\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u6781\u9650\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387<span class=\"s2\">C<\/span>\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C=Wlog2<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>1+S\/N<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0b\/s<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5176\u4e2d<span class=\"s2\">W<\/span>\u4e3a\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">S<\/span>\u4e3a\u4fe1\u9053\u5185\u6240\u4f20\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u529f\u7387\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u4e3a\u4fe1\u9053\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u65af\u767d\u566a\u58f0\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u9999\u519c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u6216\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6bd4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u6781\u9650\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u9999\u519c\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u6781\u901f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u5dee\u9519\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\uff08\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u4fe1\u9053\u6bd4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5206\u8d1d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">30<\/span>\u5206\u8d1d\uff0c\u6362\u7b97\u6210\u6bd4\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">S\/N=10<\/span>\u7684<span class=\"s2\">3\u00a0<\/span>\u6b21\u65b9\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.3.3<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u540c\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5f02\u6b65\u8d77\u6b62\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u8d77\u6b62\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u65f6\u949f\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u9891\u7387\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u76f4\u3002<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u62ec\u4f4d\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u5e27\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6709\u65f6\u949f\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4f4d\u540c\u6b65\uff1a\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u5668\u4ece\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6062\u590d\u539f\u6765\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4d\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u5bfc\u9891\u6cd5\u548c\u81ea\u540c\u6b65\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5b57\u7b26\u540c\u6b65\uff1a\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe<span class=\"s2\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e27\u540c\u6b65\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\u3001\u5e26\u5b57\u7b26\u586b\u5145\u7684\u9996\u5c3e\u754c\u7b26\u6cd5\u3001\u5e26\u4f4d\u586b\u5145\u7684\u9996\u5c3e\u6807\u5fd7\u6cd5\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7f16\u7801\u8fdd\u4f8b\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u5236\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u6709\uff1a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u5dee\u5206\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u534a\u7a7a\u5360\u7801\uff08<span class=\"s2\">AMI<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u53cc\u6781\u6027<span class=\"s2\">8<\/span>\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u7801\uff08<span class=\"s2\">B8ZS<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u4e09\u9636\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u7801\uff08<span class=\"s2\">HDB3<\/span>\uff09\u3001<span class=\"s2\">nB\/mB<\/span>\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.1<\/b><\/span>\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u518d\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u7801\u5143<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u800c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u7801\u5143<span class=\"s2\">0\u00a0<\/span>\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u6b63\u4e2d\u95f4\u65f6\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\u7535\u5e73\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5229\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63d0\u53d6\u4f4d\u540c\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u6240\u5360\u7528\u9891\u5e26\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u57fa\u5e26\u4fe1\u53f7\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u662f<span class=\"s2\">50%<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.2<\/b><\/span>\u5dee\u5206\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5dee\u5206\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u7801\u5143\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\u5219\u5176\u524d\u534a\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u540e\u534a\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u82e5\u7801\u5143\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">0<\/span>\u5219\u5176\u524d\u534a\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u540e\u534a\u4e2a\u7801\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5e73\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.3<\/b><\/span>\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u534a\u7a7a\u5360\u7801\uff08<span class=\"s2\"><b>AMI<\/b><\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AMI<\/span>\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5f8b\u5982\u56fe\uff0c\u539f\u7801\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u201c<span class=\"s2\">0<\/span>\u201d\u7801\u4ecd\u4e3a\u201c<span class=\"s2\">0<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u201c<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\u201d\u7801\u5219\u4ea4\u66ff\u53d8\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">+1<\/span>\u548c<span class=\"s2\">-1<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u68c0\u51fa\u5947\u6570\u4e2a\u8bef\u7801\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.4nB\/mB<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>nB\/mB<\/span>\u7801\u662f\u628a<span class=\"s2\">n<\/span>\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u7801\u7ec4\u8f6c\u53d8<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">m<\/span>\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u7801\u7ec4\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">m&gt;n<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7801\u7ec4\u6709<span class=\"s2\">2n<\/span>\u79cd\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u7801\u7ec4\u6709<span class=\"s2\">2m\u20142n<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u544a\u8bc9\u5149\u7ea4\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6709<span class=\"s2\">4B\/5B<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">5B\/6B<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">8B\/10B<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">64B\/66B<\/span>\u3002<span class=\"s2\">5B\/6B<\/span>\u7801\u662f\u4ece<span class=\"s2\">6<\/span>\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684<span class=\"s2\">64<\/span>\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7cbe\u9009\u51fa<span class=\"s2\">32<\/span>\u4e2a\u7801\u7ec4\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.5<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u5236\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u57fa\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u632f\u5e45\u3001\u9891\u7387\u3001\u76f8\u4f4d\u4e09\u79cd\u8f7d\u6ce2\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u6765\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u5e45\u79fb\u952e\u63a7<span class=\"s2\">ASK<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Amplitude Shift Keying<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u8f7d\u6ce2\u7684\u632f\u5e45\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8f7d\u6ce2\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3001\u76f8\u4f4d\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u9891\u79fb\u952e\u63a7<span class=\"s2\">FSK<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Frequency Shift Keying<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u8c03\u6ce2\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u53bb\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8f7d\u6ce2\u7684\u632f\u5e45\u3001\u76f8\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u76f8\u79fb\u952e\u63a7<span class=\"s2\">PSK<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Phase Shift Keying<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u8c03\u6ce2\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u53bb\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8f7d\u6ce2\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u632f\u5e45\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.6<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u6b63\u4ea4\u632f\u5e45\u8c03\u5236<\/span><b>QAM<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6b63\u4ea4\u632f\u5e45\u8c03\u5236<span class=\"s2\">QAM<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Quadrature Amplitude Modulation<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u5e45\u79fb\u952e\u63a7\u548c\u76f8\u79fb\u952e\u63a7\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9891\u7387\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u6b63\u5f26\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f59\u5f26\u51fd\u6570\u3002<span class=\"s2\">M<\/span>\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u632f\u5e45\u8c03\u5236\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">S<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">t<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">=Csin<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">wt<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">+Dcos<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">wt<\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u91c7\u6837\u5b9a\u7406\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u9650\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1<span class=\"s2\">f<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">t<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u5206\u91cf\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">fm<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u91c7\u6837\u9891\u7387<span class=\"s2\">fs&gt;=2fm<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">fs=1\/T<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6837\u503c\u5e8f\u5217<span class=\"s2\">fs<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">t<\/span>\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee3\u8868\u539f\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7<span class=\"s2\">f<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">t<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.7<\/b><\/span>\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u5236\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u5236\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8c03\u5236\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u8c03\u5e45<\/span>AM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Amplitude Modulation<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u3001\u8c03\u9891<\/span>FM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Frequency Modulation<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u4e0e\u8c03\u76f8\uff08<\/span>Phase Modulation<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8c03\u5e45\u548c\u8c03\u9891\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.8<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u6269\u9891\u901a\u4fe1<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8c03\u5236\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u6269\u9891\u901a\u4fe1\u5c31\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6269\u9891\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u5360\u7528\u7684\u9891\u5e26\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8981\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff08\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">B<\/span>\uff0c\u6269\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">fss<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u6269\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e4b\u6bd4<span class=\"s2\">fss\/B<\/span>\u79f0\u4e3a\u6269\u9891\u56e0\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5f53<span class=\"s2\">fss\/B=1~2<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5c04\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u7565\u5927\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a84\u5e26\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5f53<span class=\"s2\">fss\/B&gt;=50<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5c04\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u5927\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5bbd\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bbd\u5ea6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5f53<span class=\"s2\">s\/B&gt;=100<\/span>\u5373\u5c04\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5bbd\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6269\u9891\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>2.4.9<\/b><\/span>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u82e5\u5e72\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7fa4\u7ecf\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u6709\u80fd\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u7fa4\u5206\u79bb\u6210\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u65f6\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/span>TDM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Time-Division Multipleing<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u3001\u9891\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/span>FDM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Frequency-Division Multiplexing<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/span>WDM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Wavelength-Division Multiplexing<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff08\u5149\u7ea4\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7a7a\u524d\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u6839\u5149\u7ea4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>2.5Gb\/s<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/span>STDM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Statistic TDM<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u65f6\u5206\u590d\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u6309\u9700\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.10<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7ebf\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7ebf\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\uff1b\u4e3b\u547c\u7ec8\u7aef\u548c\u88ab\u547c\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b\u901a\u4fe1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.11<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u6362<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u79f0\u4e3a\u62a5\u6587\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Message<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u6362\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7ebf\u8def<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ebf\u8def\u80fd\u591f\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.12<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9650\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u5207\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\uff08<span class=\"s2\">packet<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08<span class=\"s2\">datagram<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u865a\u7535\u8def\uff08<span class=\"s2\">virtualcircuit<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u90fd\u5e26\u6709<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u76ee\u7684<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6839\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u8f6c\u53d1\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u865a\u7535\u8def\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u865a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.13<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4fe1\u5143\u4ea4\u6362<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4fe1\u5143\u4ea4\u6362\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f<span class=\"s2\">ATM<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Asynchronous Transfer Mode<\/span>\uff09\u91c7\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u865a\u7535\u8def\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u5728<span class=\"s2\">ATM<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5143\uff08<span class=\"s2\">cell<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4fe1\u5143\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">53<\/span>\u5b57\u8282\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9996\u90e8\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">48<\/span>\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.14<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u5e7f\u64ad<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e7f\u64ad\uff1a\u6307\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u7f51\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u603b\u7ebf\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4ee5\u5fae\u6ce2\u3001\u536b\u661f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.15<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c4f\u853d\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf<\/span>STP<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Shielded Twisted Pair<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff1b\u975e\u5c4f\u853d\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf<\/span>UTP<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Unshielded Twister Pair<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\uff1a\u7531\u5bfc\u4f53\u94dc\u8d28\u82af\u7ebf\u3001\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u72b6\u7f16\u7ec7\u7684\u5916\u5bfc\u4f53\u5c4f\u853d\u5c42\u53ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u5851\u5916\u5c42\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\uff1b<span class=\"s2\">50\u03a9<\/span>\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4f20\u9001\u57fa\u5e26\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1b<span class=\"s2\">75\u03a9<\/span>\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f20\u8f93\u7535\u7f06\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5149\u7ea4\uff1a\u662f\u80fd\u5bfc\u5149\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u591a\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\uff08\u5229\u7528\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u9002\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\u548c\u5355\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\uff08\u5149\u7ea4\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5149\u6cbf\u76f4\u7ebf\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fdc\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9646\u5730\u5fae\u6ce2\uff1a\u6307\u9891\u7387\u5728\uff10<span class=\"s2\">.<\/span>\uff13\uff27\uff0d\uff13\uff10\uff10\uff27\uff28\uff5a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u697c\u5b87\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u536b\u661f\u5fae\u6ce2\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u9020\u5730\u7403\u536b\u661f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u5fae\u6ce2\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\uff1a\u80fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7ea2\u5916\u7ebf\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u9632\u7a83\u542c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6bd4\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>2.4.16\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u68c0\u9519\u4e0e\u7ea0\u9519<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u7684\uff4b\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u52a0\uff52\u4f4d\u5197\u4f59\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5171\uff4b\uff0b\uff52\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\uff52\u4f4d\u5197\u4f59\u4f4d\u662f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\uff4b\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ed9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u76f8\u5f53\u5219\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u68c0\u9519\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5dee\u9519\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ea0\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u989d\u5916\u7684\uff11\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u9644\u52a0\u5230\uff17\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7f16\u7801\u4e0a\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\uff11\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u5197\u4f59\u6821\u9a8c\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Cyclic Redundancy Check<\/span>,<span class=\"s2\">CRC<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u9664\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u4e32\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\uff12\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u68c0\u9519\u91cd\u53d1\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Automatic Repeat request<\/span>,<span class=\"s2\">ARQ<\/span>\uff09,\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u9519\u91cd\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\uff1a\u505c\u53d1\u7b49\u5019\u91cd\u53d1\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u91cd\u53d1\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u53d1\u4e09\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u4e09\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\uff1b\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\u8bed\u4e49\u662f\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4f55\u79cd\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u4f55\u79cd\u5e94\u7b54\uff1b\u65f6\u5e8f\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff13<span class=\"s2\"><b>.<\/b><\/span>\uff11\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>3.1.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f00\u653e\u4e92\u8fde\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\uff28\uff34\uff34\uff30\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.1.2<\/b><\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>3.2<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.2.1<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5b50\u7f51\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u754c\u9762\u4e0e\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u548c\u9762\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f4e\u4e09\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u548c\u5206\u6d41\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.2.2.<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5411\u4e0a\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u6307\u5dee\u9519\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>3.2.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5bfb\u5740<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8981\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7aef\uff0d\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4f20\u8f93\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7801\u3002\u4f20\u8f93\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5c42\u6b21\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.2.4<\/b><\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.2.5<\/b><\/span>\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5b9e\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>3.3<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9762\u5c42\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u5b50\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.3.1<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e0e\u865a\u7535\u8def\u5b50\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4ece\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3a\u865a\u7535\u8def\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Virtual Circuit<\/span>,<span class=\"s2\">VC<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7535\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7535\u8def\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u79f0\u4e3a\u865a\u7535\u8def\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u7ecf\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u8def\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>3.4<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u662f<span class=\"s2\">OSI<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\uff12\u5c42\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u4f20\u9001\u4ee5\u5e27\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u9053\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u5dee\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.4.1<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5e27\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.4.2<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u6210\u5e27\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u6210\u5e27\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570\u6cd5\uff1b\u5e26\u5b57\u7b26\u586b\u5145\u7684\u9996\u5c3e\u754c\u7b26\u6cd5\uff1b\u5e26\u4f4d\u586b\u5145\u7684\u9996\u5c3e\u6807\u5fd7\u6cd5\uff1b\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7f16\u7801\u8fdd\u4f8b\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.4.3<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7ea0\u9519\u7801\uff1b\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u68c0\u9519\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u68c0\u9519\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.4.4<\/b><\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u901a\u4fe1\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u53c8\u79f0\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u3002\u662f\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\uff15\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7ebf\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u53d1\u9001\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u62c6\u7ebf\u3002\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5e94\u7b54\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u548c\u9762\u5411\u6bd4\u7279\u578b\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.4.5<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff08<span class=\"s2\">HDLC<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u7a0b\u3002\u5177\u6709\u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5f3a\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002<span class=\"s2\">HDLC<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u5e27\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HDLC<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u7ad9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e09\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7ad9\uff1a\u4e3b\u7ad9\u3001\u4ece\u7ad9\u3001\u590d\u5408\u7ad9\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u94fe\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u94fe\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e09\u79cd\u54cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u54cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>3.5<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u662f<span class=\"s2\">OSI<\/span>\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u5a92\u4f53\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>3.5.1<\/b><\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u7269\u6d41\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u7684\u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u91ca\u653e\uff1b\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>3.5.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0e\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u62c6\u9664\u7269\u7406\u4fe1\u9053\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\u3001\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u3001\u89c4\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u56db\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>4.1<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u5361<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.1.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\uff08<\/span>Network Interface Card<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>NIC<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08<\/span>Network Interface Adapter<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u7f51\u5361\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.1.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7531<span class=\"s2\">PCB<\/span>\u7ebf\u8def\u677f\u3001\u4e3b\u82af\u7247\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6c5e\u3001\u91d1\u624b\u6307\uff08\u603b\u7ebf\u63d2\u69fd\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u3001<span class=\"s2\">BOOTROM<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">EEPROM<\/span>\u3001\u6676\u632f\u3001<span class=\"s2\">RJ-45<\/span>\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u6307\u793a\u706f\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7247\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.1.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u5361\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u5361\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7535\u7f06\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982<span class=\"s2\">CSMA\/CD<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u62c6\u88c5\u3001\u5e27\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7f16<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u89e3\u7801\uff08\u5982\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e32\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>4.2<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e5f\u53eb\u591a\u7aef\u53e3\u7f51\u6865\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e27\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.1<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u5f88\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u80cc\u90e8\u603b\u7ebf\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u6362\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u53ef\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.2<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u56de\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.3<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u5f20<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u8868\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">CAM<\/span>\u8868\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5c01\u88c5\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.4<\/b><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\uff1a\u662f\u4ee5\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u7f51\u6865\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\uff1a\u662f\u5c06\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e09\u5c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.5<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u6839\u636e\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u5343\u5146\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001<span class=\"s2\">10<\/span>\u5343\u5146\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001<span class=\"s2\">ATM<\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001<span class=\"s2\">FDDI<\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u4ee4\u724c\u73af\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u6821\u56ed\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u684c\u673a\u578b\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u7aef\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7aef<span class=\"s2\">\u00d7\u00d7\u00d7<\/span>\u6362\u673a\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7ba1\u529f\u80fd\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u7f51\u7ba1\u578b\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u975e\u7f51\u7ba1\u578b\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.2.6<\/b><\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5806\u53e0\u4e0e\u7ea7\u8054<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5806\u53e0\u548c\u7ea7\u8054\uff1a\u662f\u591a\u53f0\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6216\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u7aef\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7ea7\u8054\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6839\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0e\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5806\u53e0\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5382\u5bb6\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e14\u8bbe\u5907\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u5806\u53e0\u529f\u80fd\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>4.3<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.3.1<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6709\u5173\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6784\u6210<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.3.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u8def\u7531\u5668\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u3001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>4.3.4<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u4f73\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e<span class=\"s2\">&#8211;<\/span>\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff08<span class=\"s2\">routing table<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f9b\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u800c\u4e14\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4ed6\u9644\u52a0\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u6392\u961f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>4.4<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u5173<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.4.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u5173\u53c8\u53eb\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u3002\u7f51\u5173\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6784\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u7f51\u5173\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u4e13\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>4.4.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u5173\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u534f\u8bae\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u7f51\u5173\uff1a\u534f\u8bae\u7f51\u5173\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u505a\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u5173\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u95f4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u534f\u8bae\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5230\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>4.5<\/b><\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u70b9<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\uff08<span class=\"s2\">AP<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">access point<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5355\u7eaf\u6027\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u7ebf<span class=\"s2\">AP<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u65e0\u7ebf\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08\u542b\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u6865\uff09\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>4.6<\/b><\/span>\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\uff08\u5373<span class=\"s2\">modem<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\u548c\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\uff1a\u5185\u7f6e\u5f0f\u548c\u5916\u7f6e\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>4.7<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u4fe1\u652f\u6491\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u652f\u6491\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u652f\u6491\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5404\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u901a\u4fe1\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4e94\u3001\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.1<\/b><\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.1.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c40\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\uff08<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u673a\u6784\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u4fe1\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e2d\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u901f\u7387\u548c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8bef\u7801\u7387\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u8054\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u8303\u56f4\u5c0f\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u5728<\/span>2.5km<span class=\"s1\">\u4ee5\u5185\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7387\uff1a<\/span>10Mbps<span class=\"s1\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>10Gbps<span class=\"s1\">\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u4f4e\u8bef\u7801\u7387<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u5355\u4e00\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u6709<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.1.2<\/b><\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u6307\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7269\u7406\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u51b5\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u7269\u7406\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u603b\u7ebf\u578b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u73af\u578b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u661f\u578b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5168\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u72b6\u578b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.1.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Bob Metcalfe\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ethernet<\/span>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5<span class=\"s2\">CSMA\/CD<\/span>\uff08\u5e26\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5171\u4eab\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u8f74\u7535\u7f06\u3001\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u548c\u5149\u7ea4\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u4ee5<span class=\"s2\">IEEE802.3<\/span>\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c<span class=\"s2\">10Base-T<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u3002\uff08<span class=\"s2\">10\u00a0<\/span>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f<span class=\"s2\">Mbps<\/span>\uff1b<span class=\"s2\">Base<\/span>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Base<\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u57fa\u5e26\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Broad<\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff1b<span class=\"s2\">T<\/span>\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">T<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">F<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5149\u7ea4\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u94dc\u89c8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6bb5\u957f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6309\u7167\u6807\u51c6\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">10Mbps<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u91c7\u7528\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u662f<span class=\"s2\">2500m<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u7ecf\u8fc7<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">10Mbps<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u5e27\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">51.2us<\/span>\u3002<span class=\"s2\">51.2us<\/span>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<span class=\"s2\">512<\/span>\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u5728<span class=\"s2\">10Mbps<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">512<\/span>\u4f4d\u65f6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u65f6\u9699\u3002<span class=\"s2\">512<\/span>\u4f4d<span class=\"s2\">=64<\/span>\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">64<\/span>\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ee3\u66ff\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5168\u90e8<span class=\"s2\">10Mbps<\/span>\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff1a\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cc\u500d\u4e8e\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u652f\u6301<span class=\"s2\">10Mbps<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230<span class=\"s2\">20Mbps<\/span>\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09\u9ad8\u901f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u901f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\uff1a\u524d\u5bfc\u7801\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5e27\u6821\u9a8c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u53d8\u957f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.2<\/b><\/span>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684<span class=\"s2\">FDM<\/span>\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4fe1\u9053\u6309\u9891\u7387\u5212\u5206\u6210<span class=\"s2\">N<\/span>\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9891\u6bb5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9891\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.2.1<\/b><\/span>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>CSMA<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ad9\u70b9\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ad9\u70b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Carrier Sense Multiple Access<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">CSMA<\/span>\uff09\u534f\u8bae\u3002<span class=\"s2\">CSMA<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">1-<\/span>\u575a\u6301<span class=\"s2\">CSMA<\/span>\u3001\u975e\u575a\u6301<span class=\"s2\">CSMA<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">P-<\/span>\u575a\u6301<span class=\"s2\">CSMA<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.3<\/b><\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.3.1<\/b><\/span>\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u5bf9\u5e94<span class=\"s2\">OSI\/RM<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5212\u5206\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">LLC<\/span>\u5b50\u5c42\u548c<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f53\u73b0\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u7535\u6c14\u548c\u89c4\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u62c6\u9664\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MAC<\/span>\u5b50\u5c42\uff1a\u5bf9<span class=\"s2\">LLC<\/span>\u5b50\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u5a92\u4f53\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 LLC<\/span>\u5b50\u5c42\uff1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u65e0\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.3.2 IEEE802.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>LLC<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<span class=\"s2\">IEEE802.2<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d<span class=\"s2\">LLC<\/span>\u5b50\u5c42\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<span class=\"s2\">IEEE802.2LLC<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">IEEE802.3<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff09\u548c<span class=\"s2\">IEEE802.5<\/span>\uff08\u4ee4\u724c\u73af\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5b8c\u6210\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u8def\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5e94\u80fd\u5728\u8be5\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.3.3<\/b><\/span>\u4e09\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u5176\u534f\u8bae\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u505c\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u6e90\u7535\u7f06\uff1a\u8f7b\u8f7d\u8377\u65f6\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u6700\u77ed\u6709\u6548\u5e27\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">64<\/span>\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u4f20\u8f93\u5c11\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u5f00\u9500\u5927\uff1b\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5bf9\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7684\uff1b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1b\u7535\u7f06\u9650\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">2.5KM<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6765\u56de\u7684\u7535\u7f06\u957f\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u65f6\u9699\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u901f\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e27\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u867d\u7136\u51cf\u5c11\u4f46\u7ade\u4e89\u95f4\u9694\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7387\u4e3a\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u65f6\u9699\u5bbd\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">2T<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u8f7d\u8377\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u51b2\u7a81\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.4<\/b><\/span>\u9ad8\u901f\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.4.1 100M<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u5feb\u901f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08<\/span>Fast Ethernet<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u5373<\/span>802.3u<span class=\"s1\">\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303\uff1a<\/span>100Base-T<span class=\"s1\">\u548c<\/span>100VG-AnyLAN<span class=\"s1\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.4.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5343\u5146\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5343\u5146\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5c06<span class=\"s2\">100Mbps<\/span>\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86<span class=\"s2\">10<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6bcf\u79d2\u5343\u5146\u4f4d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5343\u5146\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u5305\u62ec\u7f16\u7801<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u8bd1\u7801\uff0c\u6536\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4ecb\u8d28<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6536\u53d1\u5668\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.4<\/b><\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u53ea\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u5c04\u9891\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Radio Frequency<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">RF<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u6765\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.4.1<\/b><\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6784\u6210\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Basic Service Set<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">BSS<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd0\u884c\u76f8\u540c<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u4e89\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5171\u4eab\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<span class=\"s2\">AP<\/span>\u8fde\u5230\u9aa8\u5e72\u5206\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5904\u4e8e\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u534f\u8c03\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u628a<span class=\"s2\">BSS<\/span>\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Cell<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.4.2<\/b><\/span>\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>IEEE802.11<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u50cf<span class=\"s2\">CSMA\/CD<\/span>\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8f7d\u6ce2\u76d1\u542c\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>5.4.3<\/b><\/span>\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u7ea2\u5916\u7ebf\uff08<\/span>Infrared<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7387\u4e3a<\/span>1Mbps<span class=\"s1\">\u6216<\/span>2Mbps<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c\u6ce2\u957f\u5728<\/span>850nm~950nm<span class=\"s1\">\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u6269\u5c55\u9891\u8c31\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5e8f\u5217\u6269\u5c55\u9891\u8c31\uff08<\/span>Direct Sequence Spread Spectrun DSSS<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u53ca\u9891\u7387\u8df3\u52a8\u6269\u5c55\u9891\u8c31\uff08<\/span>Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>FHSS<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>5.6<\/b><\/span>\u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0VLAN<\/span>\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u91cc\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u53ef\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>5.6.1 VLAN<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">VLAN<\/span>\u5185\u6210\u5458\u5171\u4eab\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">VLAN<\/span>\u95f4\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u589e\u5f3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u5411\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<span class=\"s2\">VLAN<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff1a\u6309\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u4ef6\u865a\u62df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u516d\u3001\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e0e\u63a5\u5165\u7f51<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>6.1<\/b><\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">WAN<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Wide Area Network<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5c06\u8de8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u7b49\u4e92\u8054\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff1a\u516c\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u7f51\u3001\u516c\u7528\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u3001\u516c\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u7f51\u3001\u5bbd\u5e26\u7efc\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u5b57\u7f51\u3001\u5e27\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7f51\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>6.2<\/b><\/span>\u865a\u7535\u8def\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec4\u7f51\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u865a\u7535\u8def\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Virtual cilcuit<\/span>\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Datagram<\/span>\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u865a\u7535\u8def\uff1a\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6e90\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u540e\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6e90\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u865a\u547c\u53eb\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff1a\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u63a5\u53d7\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u9001\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ecf\u7f16\u5740\u3001\u6253\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u62a5\u6587\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u9014\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>6.3<\/b><\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.3.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u62e5\u585e\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u3002\u62e5\u585e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>6.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5927\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u5178\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u5ef6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u4e22\u5f03\u6982\u7387\u589e\u5927\u3001\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u7b49\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u62e5\u585e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u5e26\u5bbd\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09\u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5f31\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>6.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5047\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6d41\u7684\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u5bf9\u4e22\u5305\u548c\u6807\u8bb0\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>6.4<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u516c\u7528\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e0e\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u516c\u5171\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u516c\u7528\u7f51\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u7528\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7535\u4fe1\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.1 ISDN\/BISDN<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7efc\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u5b57\u7f51<span class=\"s2\">ISDN<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Integrated Service Digital Network<\/span>\uff09,\u5c06\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7535\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u65e0\u4ea4\u6362\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u7efc\u5408\u3001\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u63a5\u53e3\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.2DDN<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">DDN<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Digital Data Network<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u9053\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u7f51\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u53ca\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e13\u7ebf\u6216\u4e13\u7f51\u3002\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u5149\u7ea4\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5fae\u6ce2\u3001\u536b\u661f\u901a\u4fe1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.3SDH<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SDH<\/span>\u662f\u5149\u540c\u6b65\u6570\u5b57\u4f20\u8f93\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Synchronous Digital Hierarchy<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5149\u7ea4\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5fae\u6ce2\u548c\u536b\u661f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6280\u672f\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.4 WDM<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 WDM<\/span>\u6ce2\u5206\u590d\u7528\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Wavelength Division Multiplexing<\/span>\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5149\u7ea4\u7684\u4f4e\u635f\u8017\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6839\u5149\u7ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u957f\u4e0a\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u4f20\u8f93\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u662f\u6316\u6398\u5149\u7ea4\u5de8\u5927\u5e26\u5bbd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.5MSTP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MSTP<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Multi-Service Transport Platform<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>SDH<span class=\"s1\">\u7684\u591a\u4e1a\u52a1\u4f20\u9001\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>SDH<span class=\"s1\">\u5e73\u53f0\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>TDM<span class=\"s1\">\u3001<\/span>ATM<span class=\"s1\">\u3001\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7b49\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u9001\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7f51\u7ba1\u7684\u591a\u4e1a\u52a1\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>6.4.6 Ad hoc<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ad hoc<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u79fb\u52a8\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e26\u6709\u65e0\u7ebf\u6536\u53d1\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8df3\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c<span class=\"s2\">Ad Hoc<\/span>\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u201d\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Ad Hoc<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u519b\u4e8b\u5e94\u7528\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09\u7d27\u6025\u573a\u5408\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09\u504f\u8fdc\u91ce\u5916\uff08<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\uff09\u4e34\u65f6\u573a\u5408\uff08<span class=\"s2\">6<\/span>\uff09\u52a8\u6001\u573a\u5408\uff08<span class=\"s2\">7<\/span>\uff09\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u4fe1\uff08<span class=\"s2\">8<\/span>\uff09\u5546\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\uff08<span class=\"s2\">9<\/span>\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u5408<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>6.5<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u63a5\u5165\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">AN\u00a0 Access Network<\/span>\uff09\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u590d\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u5916\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b57\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7528\u6237<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u6280\u672f\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u62e8\u53f7\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">ISDN<\/span>\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">xDSL<\/span>\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">Cable Modem<\/span>\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\uff09\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">6<\/span>\uff09\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\uff08<span class=\"s2\">7<\/span>\uff09\u5149\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u5165<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u4e03\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>7.1<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\uff08<span class=\"s2\">internetworking<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u5730\u7406\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>7.2<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<span class=\"s2\">&#8211;<\/span>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e92\u8fde\uff08<span class=\"s2\">LAN-LAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<span class=\"s2\">&#8211;<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">LAN-WAN<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51<span class=\"s2\">&#8211;<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e92\u8fde\uff08<span class=\"s2\">WAN-WAN<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>7.2.1 LAN-LAN<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>LAN-LAN<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3001\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u6865\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\uff1a\u53c8\u53eb\u8f6c\u53d1\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5ef6\u957f\u7f51\u7edc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Hub<\/span>\u6216<span class=\"s2\">Concentrator<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u661f\u5f62\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u63a5\u7ebf\u70b9\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u6865\uff1a\u4e5f\u53eb\u6865\u63a5\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u540e\u7684<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\u4e92\u8fde\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91<span class=\"s2\">LAN<\/span>\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u6839\u636e<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u5e27\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e27\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\uff08\u7f51\u6865\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u540c\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7684\u7f51\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5730\u5740\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff1a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u5206\u6bb5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u6865\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5e7f\u64ad\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>7.3<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff1a\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u80fd\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f20\u9001\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7b80\u5355\u6027\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c3d\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5747\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff1a\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>7.3.1\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u4ece\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u5426\u968f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u6216\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u7528\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53eb\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u5206\u6563\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u6cd5\uff1b\u6d2a\u6cdb\u6cd5\uff1b\u968f\u673a\u8d70\u52a8\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>7.3.2<\/b><\/span>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b64\u7acb\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u4e34\u65f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u5730\u5740\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u5404\u4e34\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09\u5c06\u6240\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u544a\u8bc9\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>7.3.3<\/b><\/span>\u5e7f\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5e7f\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u6269\u6563\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u751f\u6210\u6811\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u9006\u5411\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u64ad\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u68f5\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6811\u3002\u5728\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u6811\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u526a\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\u516b\u3001<\/span><b>Internet<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Internet<span class=\"s1\">\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u53ca\u5176\u5c42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>8.1<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.1 IPv4<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">\uff08<span class=\"s3\"><b>1<\/b><\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s3\"><b>IP<\/b><\/span>\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u6784\u6210\u8d85\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u7531<span class=\"s2\">32<\/span>\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7279\u6b8a<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u672c\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c<span class=\"s2\">subnet-id<\/span>\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e24\u7ea7\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ea7\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53eb\u4f5c\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\uff08<span class=\"s2\">subnetting<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u957f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/span>VLSM<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Variable Length Subnet Mask<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>IP<span class=\"s1\">\u5730\u5740\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u5728<\/span>VLSM<span class=\"s1\">\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u65e0\u5206\u7c7b\u7f16\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u65e0\u5206\u7c7b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/span>CIDR<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>Classless Inter-Domain Routing<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff1a\uff08\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10.0.0.0<span class=\"s1\">\u5230<\/span>10.255.255.255<span class=\"s1\">\uff08\u6216\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/span>10\/8<span class=\"s1\">\uff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 172.16.0.0<span class=\"s1\">\u5230<\/span>172.31.255.255<span class=\"s1\">\uff08\u6216\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/span>172.16\/12<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 192.168.0.0<span class=\"s1\">\u5230<\/span>192.168.255.255<span class=\"s1\">\uff08\u6216\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/span>192.168\/16<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">\uff08<span class=\"s3\"><b>2<\/b><\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s3\"><b>IPv4<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\"><b>4<\/b><\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b>IP<\/b><\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u5206\u7247<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5904\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7ed9\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5e27\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 IP<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u9001\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">MTU<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4e0b\u5c42\u5e27\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684<span class=\"s2\">MTU<\/span>\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">1500B<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">PPP<\/span>\u7684<span class=\"s2\">MTU<\/span>\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">296B<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.2Internet<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\"><b>1<\/b><\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae<span class=\"s2\"><b>RIP<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">RIP<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u8ddd\u79bb\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u3002\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b<span class=\"s2\">15<\/span>\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\"><b>2<\/b><\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u534f\u8bae\uff08<span class=\"s2\"><b>OSPF<\/b><\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">OSPF<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee3\u8868\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u901a\u7684\uff1b\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u901a\u8def\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u6d2a\u6cdb\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u5b58\u6709\u5168\u7f51\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6784\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9664\u4e86<span class=\"s2\">Hello<\/span>\u95ee\u5019\u5206\u7ec4\u5916\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">OSPF<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u8fd8\u6709<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\u79cd\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63cf\u8ff0\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\u79cd\u5206\u7ec4\u8fbe\u5230\u5168\u7f51\u94fe\u8def\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OSPF<span class=\"s1\">\u534f\u8bae\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08<\/span><b>BGP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BGP<\/span>\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BGP-4<span class=\"s1\">\u5171\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>4<span class=\"s1\">\u79cd\u62a5\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6253\u5f00\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Open<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a<span class=\"s2\">BGP<\/span>\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u66f4\u65b0\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Update<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u67d0\u4e00\u8def\u7531\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5217\u51fa\u8981\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u591a\u6761\u8def\u7531\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4fdd\u6d3b\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Keepalive<\/span>\uff09\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6253\u5f00\u62a5\u6587\u548c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e34\u7ad9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u901a\u77e5\uff08<\/span>Notification<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.4<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7ec4\u64ad\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>PIM<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u4e0e<\/span><b>MOSPD<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>IP<\/span>\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5bc6\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>8.1.5<\/b><\/span>\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff08<span class=\"s3\"><b>ARP<\/b><\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff08<span class=\"s3\"><b>RARP<\/b><\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u65e2\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">MAC<\/span>\u5e27\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0ARP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae<span class=\"s2\">\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">ARP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0RARP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae<span class=\"s2\">\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">RARP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u73af\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u5b58\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u653e<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\uff32\uff21\uff32\uff30\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u5b58\u653e\uff29\uff30\u5730\u5740\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.6 Internet<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>ICMP<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>ICMP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u8def\u7531\u5668\u62a5\u544a\u5dee\u9519\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">ICMP<\/span>\u62a5\u6587\u6709<span class=\"s2\">ICMP<\/span>\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u6587\u548c<span class=\"s2\">ICMP<\/span>\u8be2\u95ee\u62a5\u6587\u4e24\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.7 IPv6<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">IPv6<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span>IPv6<span class=\"s1\">\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4ece<\/span>IPv4<span class=\"s1\">\u7684<\/span>32bit<span class=\"s1\">\u589e\u5927\u5230<\/span>128bit<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u5bf9<\/span>Qos<span class=\"s1\">\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>2<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>IPv6<span class=\"s1\">\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 IPv6<\/span>\u5c06<span class=\"s2\">128bit<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0IPv6<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u5355\u64ad\uff08<span class=\"s2\">unicast<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u5355\u64ad\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u591a\u64ad\uff08<span class=\"s2\">multicast<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u64ad\u662f\u4e00\u70b9\u5bf9\u591a\u70b9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4efb\u64ad\uff08<span class=\"s2\">anycast<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f<span class=\"s2\">IPv6<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.8 IPv6<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 IPv6<\/span>\u4e2d\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.9 IPv4<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5411<\/span><b>IPv6\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u8fc7\u6e21<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u76ee\u524d<span class=\"s2\">IPv4<\/span>\u548c<span class=\"s2\">IPv6<\/span>\u8fc7\u6e21\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u96a7\u9053\u6280\u672f\u3001\u53cc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5730\u5740\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\uff08<span class=\"s2\">NAT-PT<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NAT-PT<\/span>\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<span class=\"s2\">&#8211;<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528<span class=\"s2\">NAT<\/span>\u7f51\u5173\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.1.10 Qos<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u603b\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u6548\u679c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u51c6\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u534f\u5546\uff1b\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7ea6\uff1b\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u82e5\u5e72\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u7387\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u4e22\u5931\u7387\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6539\u6b63\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u4e3b\u8981\u7684<\/span>Qos<span class=\"s1\">\u6280\u672f\u6709\uff1a\u96c6\u6210\u670d\u52a1\uff08<\/span>Integrated Services<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>Intserv<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\/<span class=\"s1\">\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7559\u534f\u8bae\uff08<\/span>RSVP<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e1a\u52a1\uff08<\/span>Differentiated Services<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>DiffServ<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u8bb0\u4ea4\u6362\uff08<\/span>Multi-Protocol Label Switching<span class=\"s1\">,<\/span>MPLS<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u6d41\u91cf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08<\/span>Traffic Engineering<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\uff0c<\/span>Qos<span class=\"s1\">\u8def\u7531\uff08<\/span>Qos Routing<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>QoSR<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>8.2<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>TCP<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4e0e<\/span><b>UDP<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.2.1TCP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u70b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>TCP<\/span>\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\uff0c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TCP<\/span>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff08<span class=\"s2\">socket<\/span>\uff09\u6216\u63d2\u53e3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u72ec\u7acb\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.2.2 TCP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TCP<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5982\u9632\u6b62\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5230\u8fbe\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u9020\u6210\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u5b9a\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u6bcf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u957f\u77ed\uff0c\u6070\u5f53\u4e0e\u5426\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u591a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d1f\u8377\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u589e\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0TCP<\/span>\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u3001\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.2.3 UDP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>UDP<\/span>\u53ea\u5728<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1\u5236\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f88\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136<span class=\"s2\">UDP<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">UDP<\/span>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UDP<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u8868<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UDP<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u53ea\u6709<span class=\"s2\">8<\/span>\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UDP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5b57\u8282\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>8.3<\/b><\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><b>DNS<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u628a<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u3002\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>1<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u4e3a\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6743\u9650\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08<span class=\"s2\">root name server<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u8981\u5b58\u6709\u6240\u6709\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u548c\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08<span class=\"s2\">TLD server<\/span>\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u672c\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8c\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6743\u9650\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08<span class=\"s2\">anthoritative name server<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u533a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53eb\u6743\u9650\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u57df\u540d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u4fdd\u5b58\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u57df\u540d\u5230<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08<span class=\"s2\">local name server<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79bb\u7528\u6237\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730<span class=\"s2\">ISP<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u6240\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u8be2\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u89e3\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u57df\u540d\u653e\u5728<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<span class=\"s2\">UDP<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u627e\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u653e\u5165<span class=\"s2\">DNS<\/span>\u56de\u7b54\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528<span class=\"s2\">UDP<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u57df\u540d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6cd5\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.3<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>FTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 FTP<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 FTP<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6216\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9001\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0FTP<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<span class=\"s2\">PORT<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<span class=\"s2\">PASV<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>2<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0FTP<span class=\"s1\">\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/span>21<span class=\"s1\">\u53f7\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.4<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>Telnet<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Telnet<\/span>\u662f<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u4eff\u771f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u516b\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a<span class=\"s2\">Telnet<\/span>\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u5e26\u6709<span class=\"s2\">Telnet<\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u636e\u7684<span class=\"s2\">TCP<\/span>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.5 Web<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e<\/span><b>HTTP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 www<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u8d85\u5a92\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8d85\u6587\u672c\uff08<span class=\"s2\">hypertext<\/span>\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6269\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 www<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5ba2\u6237<span class=\"s2\">\/<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u5757\u653e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">web<\/span>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 www<span class=\"s1\">\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08<\/span>Uniform Resource Locator<span class=\"s1\">\uff0c<\/span>URL<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6574\u4e2a<\/span>Internet<span class=\"s1\">\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.3.6<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae<\/span><b>DHCP<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>1<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>DHCP<span class=\"s1\">\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff08<span class=\"s2\">DHCP<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">DHCP<\/span>\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>3<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DHCP<span class=\"s1\">\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>8.4<\/b><span class=\"s1\">\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e<\/span><b>NAT<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.4.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee3\u7406\uff08\u5373<span class=\"s2\">proxy<\/span>\uff09\u5904\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Proxy<\/span>\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Proxy<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">Proxy<\/span>\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728<span class=\"s2\">TCP\/IP<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982<span class=\"s2\">HTTP<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">FTP<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.4.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/span><b>NAT<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u7279\u7f51<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u5730\u5740\u6709\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5730\u5740\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<span class=\"s2\">NAT<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Network Address Translation<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u8def\u7531\u5668\u62c5\u4efb<span class=\"s2\">IP<\/span>\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NAT<span class=\"s1\">\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u9759\u6001<\/span>NAT<span class=\"s1\">\u3001\u52a8\u6001<\/span>NAT<span class=\"s1\">\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>PAT<span class=\"s1\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>8.4.3\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u68c0\u7d22\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u76ee\u5f55\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff1b\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff1b\u5143\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u4e5d\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>9.1<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>9.1.1.<\/b><\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7ad9<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7ad9\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Network Manager<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e3b\u5e72\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3001\u5fae\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u51fa\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Network Agent<\/span>\uff09\u5219\u4f4d\u4e8e\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u79f0\u4e3a\u88ab\u7ba1\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7ad9\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u89c4\u7ea6\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Management Information Base<\/span>\uff0c<span class=\"s2\">MIB<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u88ab\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u653e\u5728<span class=\"s2\">MIB<\/span>\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>9.1.2<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6545\u969c\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u6545\u969c\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6392\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u8981<span class=\"s2\">\u00d7\u00d7\u00d7<\/span>\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u8ba1\u8d39\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6536\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>9.1.3<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u6807\u51c6<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>1<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>ISO<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>ISO<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>International Standardization Organization<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1947<span class=\"s1\">\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u7532\u7ea7\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>2<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ITU-T<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u4fe1\u8054\u76df<\/span>ITU<span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>International Telecommunication Union<span class=\"s1\">\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1934<span class=\"s1\">\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684<\/span>15<span class=\"s1\">\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>3<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0IETF<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<span class=\"s2\">IAB<\/span>\u662f<span class=\"s2\">1992<\/span>\u5e74\u4ece<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u6d3b\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6539\u540d\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f<span class=\"s2\">Internet<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">\uff08<\/span>4<span class=\"s1\">\uff09<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">NMF<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Network Management Forum<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u7531<span class=\"s2\">120<\/span>\u591a\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u6807\u51c6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5382\u5546\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5382\u5546\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\u5546\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>9.2<\/b><\/span>\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>9.2.1\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u62bd\u8c61\u8bed\u6cd5\u8868\u793a<\/span><b>ASN.1<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7b80\u5355\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u6210\u5206\u6784\u6210\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6784\u9020\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6210\u5206\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6784\u9020\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u6807\u7b7e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u7531\u5df2\u77e5\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5305\u62ec<\/span>CHOICE<span class=\"s1\">\u548c<\/span>ANY<span class=\"s1\">\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>9.2.2<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><b>SMI<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7ecf<span class=\"s2\">SNMP<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\uff08<span class=\"s2\">MIB<\/span>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u6309\u7167\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\uff08<span class=\"s2\">SMI<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>9.3<\/b><\/span>\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>9.3.1 SNMP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SNMP<\/span>\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53ca<span class=\"s2\">HUBS<\/span>\u7b49<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u76ee\u524d<span class=\"s2\">SNMP<\/span>\u6709<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u79cd\u7248\u672c<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0SNMPv1<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">SNMPv2<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"s2\">SNMPv3<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SNMP<\/span>\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143<span class=\"s2\">PDU<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<span class=\"s2\">SNMP<\/span>\u62a5\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0GetRequest<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0GetNextRequest<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u63d0\u53d6\u7d27\u8ddf\u5f53\u524d\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0SetRequest<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">4<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0GetResponse<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u7531\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\uff08<span class=\"s2\">5<\/span>\uff09<span class=\"s2\">\u00a0Trap<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>9.3.2 SNMP<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u62a5\u6587\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SNMP<\/span>\u62a5\u6587\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5171<span class=\"s2\">SNMP<\/span>\u9996\u90e8\u3001<span class=\"s2\">Get\/Set<\/span>\u9996\u90e8\u3001<span class=\"s2\">Trap<\/span>\u9996\u90e8\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SNMPv2<\/span>\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b<span class=\"s2\">3<\/span>\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86<span class=\"s2\">manager<\/span>\u548c<span class=\"s2\">manager<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>9.4<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>9.4.1<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><b>Web<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u4e00\u79cd\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u9002\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e<span class=\"s2\">Web<\/span>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53bb\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<span class=\"s2\">Web<\/span>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<span class=\"s2\">Web<\/span>\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>9.4.2<\/b><\/span>\u5178\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u5e73\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7ec4\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Ciscoworks for windows\u00a0\u00a0 HP OpenView\u00a0\u00a0 IBM Tivoli NetView\u00a0 Sun Net Manager<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\"><b>9.4.3<\/b><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u6001\u76d1\u89c6\u3001\u9600\u503c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u5341\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>10.1<\/b><\/span>\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>10.1.1 Qos<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7b80\u79f0<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Quality of Service<\/span>\uff09\u3002<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u6709\u5e7f\u4e49\u548c\u4fa0\u4e49\u4e4b\u5206\uff1a\u4fa0\u4e49<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u6307\u6280\u672f\u6307\u6807\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u6296\u52a8\u3001\u4e22\u5931\u7387\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\u5e7f\u4e49<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u6307\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u914d\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u3001\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684<span class=\"s2\">Qos<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><b>10.1.2 SLA<\/b><span class=\"s4\">\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u7ea7\u534f\u8bae<span class=\"s2\">SLA<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Service Level Agreement<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<span class=\"s2\">SLA<\/span>\u5206\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u9759\u6001<span class=\"s2\">SLA<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff08\u5982\u62e5\u585e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u8d1f\u8377\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u65e0\u5173\uff1b\u52a8\u6001<span class=\"s2\">SLA<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u534f\u5546\u548c\u8c03\u6574<span class=\"s2\">SLA<\/span>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u539f\u7406 \u4e00\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u8bba 1.1\uff0e\u6982\u8bba 1\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/?p=735\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-40","tag-37"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=735"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":769,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/735\/revisions\/769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}