{"id":233,"date":"2019-07-28T00:14:21","date_gmt":"2019-07-28T00:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/?p=233"},"modified":"2019-08-11T15:04:14","modified_gmt":"2019-08-11T15:04:14","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e7%ab%a0%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e4%ba%92%e8%bf%9e%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%92%e8%81%94%e7%bd%91%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/?p=233","title":{"rendered":"\u8f6f\u8003\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5907\u8003\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb06-\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n

6.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>
\n6.1.1\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668186
\n6.1.2\u7f51\u6865187
\n6.1.3\u8def\u7531\u5668188
\n6.1.4\u7f51\u5173189
\n6.2 \u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e92\u8fde<\/strong>
\n6.2.1OSI\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784191
\n6.2.2\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8fde192
\n6.2.3\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8fde194
\n6.3 IP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
\n6.3.1IP\u5730\u5740198
\n6.3.2IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c200
\n6.3.3IP\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143202
\n6.4 ICMP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
\n6.5 TCP\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
\n6.5.1TCP\u670d\u52a1205
\n6.5.2TCP\u534f\u8bae205
\n6.5.3TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236208
\n6.5.4UDP\u534f\u8bae211
\n6.6 \u57df\u540d\u548c\u5730\u5740<\/strong>
\n6.6.1\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf213
\n6.6.2\u5730\u5740\u5206\u89e3\u534f\u8bae214
\n6.7 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>
\n6.7.1\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf218
\n6.7.2\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae218
\n6.7.3\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae220
\n6.7.4\u6838\u5fc3\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae228
\n6.8 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
\n6.8.1NAT\u6280\u672f230
\n6.8.2CIDR\u6280\u672f232
\n6.8.3\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f234
\n6.9 IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
\n6.9.1\u7ec4\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u6982\u8ff0236
\n6.9.2\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740237
\n6.9.3\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae238
\n6.9.4\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae242
\n6.10 IP QoS\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
\n6.10.1\u96c6\u6210\u670d\u52a1248
\n6.10.2\u533a\u5206\u670d\u52a1250
\n6.10.3\u6d41\u91cf\u5de5\u7a0b252
\n6.11 Internet\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>
\n6.11.1\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae255
\n6.11.2\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae256
\n6.11.3\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae257
\n6.11.4\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae258
\n6.11.5P2P\u5e94\u7528261<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u534f\u8baeIP<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8baeICMP<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001IP\u4e0e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u4e09\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeARP<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeRIP<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeOSPF<\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeBGP<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8baeTCP<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8baeUDP<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

\u5341\u56db\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fNAT<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fVLSM\u548cCIDR<\/p>\n

\u5341\u516d\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fQoS<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fMPLS<\/p>\n

\u5341\u516b\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u64ad<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u8bbe\u5907<\/h3>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a
\n\uff11\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3001\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668<\/p>\n

\uff12\u5c42\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff1a\u7f51\u6865\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/p>\n

\uff13\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/p>\n

\uff14\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08\u9ad8\u5c42\uff09\uff1a\u7f51\u5173<\/p>\n

\uff11\u3001\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668(Repeater)\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668(Hub,\u591a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668)<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u8f93\u6bd4\u72790 1\uff0c\u653e\u5927\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u4f20\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7f51\u6865(Bridge)\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a(Switch,\u591a\u7aef\u53e3\u7f51\u6865)<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u8f93\u5e27\uff0c\u6709\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668(Router)<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u534f\u8baeIP<\/h3>\n

TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7c07\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff0cSTDD<\/p>\n

IP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

IP\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

IHL\uff1aIP\u5934\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c20\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u533a\u5206\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/p>\n

\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a\u5305\u542bIP\u5934\u5728\u5185<\/p>\n

\u5934\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff1a\u53ea\u6821\u9a8cIP\u5934\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff1aIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1aIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u751f\u5b58\u671f\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2a\u6570\uff0b\uff11\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5730\u5740\u4e22\u5f03<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff1aMAC\u5e27\u957f1518\uff0cMTU1500\uff0c1518-14-4-20=1480\uff0c\u518d-20=1460<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a4\u4e2a\u5b57\u828232\u4f4d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528 \u201c.\u201d \u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982192.168.1.200\u53eb\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

IP\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u7f51\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728Internet\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7NAT\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u516c\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6A\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u6b8aIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u24600.0.0.0\uff1a\u4e0d\u786e\u5207\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u5907\u521a\u542f\u52a8\u5c1a\u65e0IP\u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u672c\u673a\u3002\u4e5f\u53eb\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461255.255.255.255\uff1a\u9650\u5236(\u53d7\u9650)\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u672c\u7f51\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u201c\u5927\u5e7f\u64ad\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462127.0.0.1\uff1a\u56de\u73af(\u9001)\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u522b\u540dLocalhost\uff0c\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u9001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2463169.254.x.x\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2464\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5404\u4f4d\u5168\u4e3a0\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2465\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5404\u4f4d\u5168\u4e3a1\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e5f\u53eb\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u5e7f\u64ad\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2466\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a224.0.0.1\uff0c\u4ece224.0.0.0\u5230239.255.255.255\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8baeICMP<\/h3>\n

ICMP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u53f7\u4e3a1\u3002\u4f20\u9001\u6709\u5173\u901a\u4fe1\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4fa6\u67e5\u5458\u3001\u63a2\u5b50\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u5728IP\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002ICMP\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u662f\u6574\u4e2aICMP\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

ICMP\u534f\u8bae\u62a5\u6587\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n

\u4e8c\u8f6c\u5341\uff08\u8fde\u52a0\uff09\u6216\u5341\u8f6c\u4e8c\uff08\u8fde\u51cf\uff098421\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001IP\u4e0e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/h3>\n

IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a4\u4e2a\u5b57\u828232\u4f4d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a8\u4f4d \u4f4d\u7ec4\u75280\uff5e255\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u503c\u4e3a 0.0.0.0\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u503c\u4e3a255.255.255.255<\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a2^n\u6b21\u65b9<\/p>\n

\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a\u5c4f\u853dIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u7684 \u201c\u51681\u201d\u6bd4\u7279\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5212\u5206\u6210\u7f51\u7edc \u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u5b58 \u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed3\u5408IP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

A\u7c7b\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f255.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/8<\/p>\n

B\u7c7b\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f255.255.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/16<\/p>\n

C\u7c7b\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f255.255.255.0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/24<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a\/\u4f4d\u6570<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u4e09\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51<\/h3>\n

\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e3a\u5565\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u501f\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2460\u7f51\u6bb5\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u6807\u51c6\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u7f51\u7edcIP\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a\u501f\u7528\u201c\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u201d\u5c06\u7f51\u6bb5\u5212\u5206\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u5f80\u53f3\u201c\u501f\u4f4d\u201dVLSM\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462\u8d85\u7f51\uff1a\u501f\u7528\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u201d\u5c06\u7f51\u6bb5\u5408\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c \u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u7f51\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u5f80\u5de6\u201c\u501f\u4f4d\u201dCIDR\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeARP<\/h3>\n

ARP\uff1aIP\u67e5\u8be2MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\/\u56de\u7b54\u673a\u5236\u3002ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u3001ARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001ARP\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u4ee3\u7406ARP\u3001\u53cd\u5411RARP<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\uff1aWin+R cmd \u8f93\u5165arp -a(-s -d\u7b49)\u56de\u8f66<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7406ARP\uff0c\u7531\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5145\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u8fdb\u884cARP\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeRARP\uff1a\u7531MAC\u627eIP\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u6ca1\u6709\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55IP\uff0c\u521a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u7528MAC\u53bb\u83b7\u53d6IP\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u53f0RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55MAC\u4e0eIP\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

ARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u548cARP\u75c5\u6bd2\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u5411\u67d0\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4f2a\u88c5ARP\u5e94\u7b54\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7f51\u7ba1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u7f51MAC\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f2a\u88c5\u7f51\u5173MAC\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeRIP<\/h3>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8baeRIP\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8df3\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u592715\u8df3\uff0c16\u8df3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u300230s\u66f4\u65b0\u3001180s\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001240s\u5220\u9664\u3002\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u8d39\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u7684520\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

RIP\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002RIPv1\u4e0eRIPv2\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\n1\u3001\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a01\u8df3\uff0c\u8df3\u6570\u6700\u5927\u4e3a15\u8df3\uff0c16\u8df3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u6bd2\u5316\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272\uff1a\u628a\u4ece\u90bb\u5c45\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u8bbe\u4e3a16\u8df3\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeOSPF<\/h3>\n

\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u534f\u8baeOSPF\uff1a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8fde\u901a\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\uff0cDijkstra\u7684SPF\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5206\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

OSPF\u533a\u57df\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4e3b\u5e72\u533a\u57df(32\u4f4d)\uff0c Area 0.0.0.0\u6216\u8005Area 0\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u534f\u8baeOSPF\uff1a\u6839\u636e \u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\nOSPF\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

OSPF\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Point-to-Point\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6709\u6548\u90bb\u5c45\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e3a224.0.0.5\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u79f0\u4e3aAllSPFRouters<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Point-to-Multicast\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9009\u4e3eDR\/BDR\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u591a\u4e2aPoint-to-Point\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

\u5355\u64ad\uff08Unicast\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Broadcast\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9009\u4e3eDR\/BDR\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548cBR\/BDR\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u3002DR\/BDR\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u62a2\u5360\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u3001Token Ring\u548cFDDI<\/p>\n

DR\u3001BDR\u7ec4\u64ad\u5230224.0.0.5\uff1bDR\/BDR\u4fa6\u542c224.0.0.6\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u79f0\u4e3aAllDRouters<\/p>\n

\u975e\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\uff08NBMA\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u90bb\u5c45\uff0cHello\u6d88\u606f\u5355\u64ad\u3002NBMA\u7f51\u7edc\u6709X.25\u3001Frame Relay\u548cATM<\/p>\n

\u5355\u64ad<\/p>\n

\u865a\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Virtual Link\uff09<\/p>\n

\u865a\u94fe\u8def\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u9001Hello\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u975eArea 0\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Area 0\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975eArea 0\u8fde\u63a5Area 0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u6bb5\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n

\u5355\u64ad<\/p>\n

OSPF\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u4e3a\uff1aDR\u3001IR\u3001ABR\u3001ASBR<\/p>\n

OSPF\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u62a5\u6587\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aHello\u62a5\u6587\u9ed8\u8ba410s(30s)\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c40s\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u662f224.0.0.5\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u8fd8\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u51fa\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668DR\u548c\u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668BDR\uff08DR\/BDR\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f224.0.06\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeBGP<\/h3>\n

\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8baeBGP\uff1a\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f \u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edfAS\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u8def\u7531 \u7b56\u7565\u3002\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u7684179\u7aef\u53e3\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5b50 \u7f51VLSM\u548cCIDR\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u76ee\u524d \u6700\u65b0BGP4\uff0c\u800cBGP4+\u652f\u6301IPV6\u3002<\/p>\n

BGP\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u62a5\u6587\uff1aOpen\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c Keepalive\u5468\u671f\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u90bb\u5c45\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb \u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 \u201cBGP\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u589e\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u9760 \u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def\u3002\u81ea\u6cbb\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u8def\u3002\u652f\u6301 \u65e0\u7c7b\u3001\u652f\u6301\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8baeTCP<\/h3>\n

TCP\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u7d2f\u79ef\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u53f76<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662fTCP\u6bb5\uff08\u65ad\u5934\uff09\uff0cTCP\u5934\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u5934\uff09\uff0cTCP\u5305\u5934\uff08\u62a5\u6587\uff09\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a16\u4f4d\uff0c2^16\uff080-65535\uff09<\/p>\n

URG\uff1a\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n

ACK\uff1a\u5e94\u7b54\u987a\u5e8f\u53f7\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n

PSH\uff1a\u63a8\u8fdb\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n

RST\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

SYN\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u540c\u6b65\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

FIN\uff1a\u7ed3\u675f\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff1a\u5305\u62ecTCP\u6bb5\u5934\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4f2a\u6bb5\u5934<\/p>\n

TCP\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

TCP\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u62a5\u6587\u5230\u8fbe\u901f\u7387\u5927\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u62e5\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6162\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u53d1ARQ<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u91cd\u4f20\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1TCP\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002TCP\u6bcf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u4f20\u8fd9\u4e00\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u4f20\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u504f\u5dee\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u91c7\u53d6\u89c2\u5bdf\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\u5ef6\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6162\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4b\u524d\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u30021\u30012\u30014\u30018\u7b49\u6309\u6307\u6570\u89c4\u5f8b\u7ffb\u500d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u95e8\u9650\u9608\u503c\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u56de\u52301\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5f00\u542f\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\uff1a\u7a97\u53e3\u8fbe\u5230\u95e8\u9650\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cTCP\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u653e\u5927\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6309\u7167+1\u9012\u589e\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u95e8\u9650\u9608\u503c\u51cf\u534a\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u751f\u518d\u51cf\u534a\u3002\u6309\u6307\u6570\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e58\u500d\u51cf\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u4e00\u8fde\u6536\u52303\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684ACK\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42UDP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n

UDP\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5dee\u9519\u6d41\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5305\u62ec\uff1aUDP\u5934\u90e8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4f2a\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u53f717<\/p>\n

UDP\u534f\u8bae\uff1aUDP\u62a5\u6587\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5c11\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c42\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u5f00\u9500\u5c11\uff08\u5934\u90e88\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n

\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u534f\u8bae\uff1aSMTP\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u91c7\u7528TCP\u768425\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cC\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f20\u9001ASCII\u7801\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n

S\/MIME\u591a\u7528\u9014\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u90ae\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

POP\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528TCP\u7684110\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cC\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

IMAP4\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d88\u606f\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6458\u8981\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002\u91c7\u7528TCP\u7684142\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cC\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8be5\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

PGP\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u9274\u522b\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528IDEA\uff08128\u4f4d\uff09\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\uff0cRSA\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0cMD5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

PEM\u589e\u5f3a\u4fdd\u5bc6\u90ae\u4ef6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u548cPGP\u529f\u80fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff1aFTP\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u91c7\u7528TCP\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a520\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a521\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cC\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u533f\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08anonymous\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0fftp:\/\/192.168.1.1<\/p>\n

FTP\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08POST\/Standard\uff09\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08PASV\/Passive\uff09\u3002\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u52a820\u4f20\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u968f\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u9646\u534f\u8bae\uff1aTelnet\uff0cTCP\/IP\u7ec8\u7aef\u4eff\u771f\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aefNVT\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6784\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528TCP\u768423\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cC\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4telnet 172.16.55.254<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff1aHTTP\uff0c\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51WWW\uff08Web\uff09\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u7403\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u3002TCP\u768480\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cB\/S\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5668URL\uff0c\u5982http:\/\/www.lcu.edu.cn\u00a0\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00HTML\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u56db\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fNAT<\/h3>\n

NAT\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3IP\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u9759\u6001NAT\uff08\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001NAT\uff08\u591a\u5bf9\u5c11\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u6362\uff1aNAPT\uff08\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001NAT\uff1a\u5185\u5916\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u56fa\u5b9aIP\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001NAT\uff1a\u5185\u5916\u591a\u5bf9\u5c11\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u8f83\u591a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5916\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5730\u5740\u6c60\uff08pool\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u6362\uff1aNAPT\uff08PAT\uff09\uff08\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\uff09\u5185\u5916\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2aIP\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u90e8IP\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aIP\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fVLSM\u548cCIDR<\/h3>\n

VLSM\uff1a\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u518d\u6709\u7c7b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u90e8\u5206\u501f\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u6765\u505a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5404\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u518d\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a\uff1aA\u7c7b\u670924\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\uff0cB\u7c7b\u670916\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\uff0cC\u7c7b\u67098\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u3002<\/p>\n

VLSM\u662f\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5272\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800cCIDR\u662f\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

CIDR\uff1a\u65e0\u7c7b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8def\u7531\u7f29\u653e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\/\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\uff0c\u65e0\u7c7b\u4e0d\u533a\u5206A\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aCIDR\u5730\u5740\u5757\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u805a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u516d\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fQoS<\/h3>\n

QoS\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6709\u96c6\u6210\u670d\u52a1\uff08IntServ\uff09\u548c\u533a\u5206\u670d\u52a1\uff08DiffServ\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u6210\u670d\u52a1\uff08IntServ\uff09\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7ea6\u534f\u8baeRSVP\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7559\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53ca\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8df3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u533a\u5206\u670d\u52a1\uff08DiffServ\uff09\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u3002\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u5c3d\u529b\u670d\u52a1BE\u3001\u4f18\u8d28\u670d\u52a1AF\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u670d\u52a1EF\u3002<\/p>\n

\u533a\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u70b9DSCP\uff0c\u5229\u7528IP\u5305\u5934\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5ToS\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9010\u6b65\u884c\u4e3aPHB\uff1a\u9010\u7ea7\u8df3\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aPHB\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672fMPLS<\/h3>\n

MPLS\uff1a\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u7b7e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e2.5\u5c42\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u53eb\u4e00\u6b21\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee3\u66ff\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

MPLS\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8fb9\u7f18\u8def\u7531\u5668LER\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u5668LSR\u3002<\/p>\n

MPLS\u8f6c\u53d1\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\uff08FEC\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u6c47\u805a\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u6807\u8bb0\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u63d0\u4f9bQoS\u3001\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5341\u516b\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u64ad<\/h3>\n

IP\u7ec4\u64ad\uff1a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5411\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cD\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u3002\uff08\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u9891\u70b9\u64ad\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u70b9\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u7559\u7ec4\u64ad\uff1a224.0.0.0~224.0.0.255\u7528\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5982224.0.0.1\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c224.0.0.2\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u64ad\uff1a224.0.1.0~238.255.255.255\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u516c\u7f51IP\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5730\u7ec4\u64ad\uff1a239.0.0.0~239.255.255.255\u672c\u5730\u5b50\u7f51\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u79c1\u7f51IP\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a
\n224.0.0.1\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

224.0.0.2\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

224.0.0.5\u6240\u6709OSPF\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n

224.0.0.6OSPF DR\/BDR<\/p>\n

224.0.0.9RIPv2\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n

224.0.0.10EIGRP\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n

224.0.0.12DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u4e2d\u7ee7\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n

224.0.0.13\u6240\u6709PIM\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u64adMAC\u5730\u5740\uff1a01-00-5e-xx-xx-xx<\/p>\n

IGMP\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u3002IGMP\u5c01\u88c5\u5728IP\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u53f72.IGMPv3\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u8be2\u95ee\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ec4\u64ad\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec4\u64ad\u6811\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u64ad\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6e90\u5206\u53d1\u6811\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u5206\u53d1\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n

PIM\uff1a\u534f\u8bae\u65e0\u5173\u7ec4\u64ad<\/p>\n

PIM-DM\u5bc6\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0fPIM<\/p>\n

DVMRP\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

MOSPF\uff1a\u7ec4\u64ad\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148<\/p>\n

CBT\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6811<\/p>\n

PIM-SM\uff1a\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u5f0fPIM<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PIM-DM\uff1a\u5bc6\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0fPIM\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6cdb\u6d2a\u6269\u6563-\u4fee\u526a\u4e22\u5f03\u201d\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ec4\u64ad\u5206\u53d1\u6811\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u56de\u6765\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6e90\u5206\u53d1\u6811\uff1a\u4ee5\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u9020\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6811\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\uff08SPT\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PIM-SM\uff1a\u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u5f0fPIM\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4e14\u7a00\u758f\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5982\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5206\u5e03\u6811\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u624d\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u62c9\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u5206\u53d1\u6811\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c47\u805a\u70b9\u3002\u5148\u53d1\u7ed9\u6c47\u805a\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u6c47\u805a\u70b9\u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08\u56db\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08\u4e94\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u76ee\u5f55 6.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907 6.1.1\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668186 6.1 … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,3],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-39","category-3","tag-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=233"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":523,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233\/revisions\/523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jayjaydream.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}